Even with a clearly defined citizenship process, some applications are rejected due to errors or failure to meet the requirements. Here are the main reasons for refusals and tips on how to avoid them.
- Incomplete or incorrect forms are a common issue. Errors in documents or missing fields can lead to rejection. Tip: Double-check the forms and verify all data with supporting documents.
- Failure to meet residency requirements is another frequent cause of refusal. You must be physically present in Canada for at least 1095 days within the last five years. Tip: Use the IRCC calculator to accurately count your days.
- Insufficient language proficiency can also lead to a denial. Applicants aged 18 to 54 must prove their knowledge of English or French. Note that for citizenship, there is a specific CELPIP LS test, and you only need to score 4 in two categories: listening and speaking. Tip: Take approved tests (IELTS, CELPIP, TEF) and ensure your results meet the requirements.
- Criminal convictions may deem applicants ineligible for citizenship, especially in the case of serious offenses. Tip: Honestly disclose any past offenses and provide all necessary certificates.
- Failure to pay taxes is another significant issue. You must show that you filed tax returns for at least three of the last five years. Tip: Ensure all tax obligations are fulfilled before submitting your application. This applies to Canada and does not concern other countries EXCEPT when tax evasion in your country is considered a criminal offense. In such cases, explanations will be required.
- Providing false information is strictly prohibited. Any attempt at fraud or submitting fake documents leads to denial and potential bans on reapplying. Tip: Be honest and accurate when providing information.
- Loss of permanent resident status is another reason for rejection. To apply for citizenship, you must maintain your permanent resident status. Tip: Avoid extended trips outside Canada.
- Refusals on previous applications can affect new submissions if the issues were not addressed. Tip: Resolve the reasons for previous refusals and submit additional supporting documents.
- Failure on the citizenship test is also common. Applicants must demonstrate knowledge of Canadian history, values, and responsibilities. You will get three attempts and need to answer at least 15 out of 20 questions correctly. Tip: Study the official IRCC materials and take practice tests.
- Failure to satisfy humanitarian requests, if applicable, is another potential issue. A lack of documented proof regarding your circumstances or failure to meet humanitarian criteria may lead to rejection. Tip: Consult a lawyer if you have complex circumstances.
How long does the process take? On average, processing an application takes about 7 months.
Can you appeal a denial? Yes, you can appeal the decision with the help of an immigration lawyer. Does Canada allow dual citizenship? Yes, but ensure that your country also permits it.
Oleksandra Melnykova, Immigration and Refugee Consultant in Canada.
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